Decarbonisation – the process of replacing fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.

Electrification – converting devices, systems and sectors to be powered by renewable electricity instead of fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil.

Overshoot – the period when global warming exceeds 1.5°C, the target set by the Paris Agreement, before it can be reduced again.

Adaptation – responding to the impacts of climate change, such as planting trees to cool cities or improving insulation in homes.

Mitigation – actions to prevent or reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, such as driving an electric vehicle instead of a petrol car.

Climate finance – finance for activities that aim to mitigate or adapt to climate change.

Just transition – a goal to ensure no one is disadvantaged in the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy, particularly vulnerable communities.

Loss and damages – the negative effects of climate change, such as land degradation or ocean acidification.

Net zero – when greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere are balanced by those removed from the atmosphere, such as through tree planting.

Paris Agreement – an international treaty on climate change signed by 195 countries in Paris in 2015 as a pledge to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.