Net overseas migration (NOM) is the net gain or loss of population through immigration to Australia and emigration from Australia. It’s calculated by subtracting departures from arrivals. Currently, annual NOM is around 292,000.

NOM can rise in two ways: because arrivals increase, or because departures decrease.

The figure counts Australian citizens coming home after a long time away or departing for long periods, New Zealand citizens coming and going, temporary visa holders, permanent visa holders and humanitarian entrants.