Deception by impersonating online accounts, mimicking appearance of real persons or organizations. Common in social media scams.
Producing provocative content that plays on basic emotions like fear, anger, or empathy to gain attention or frame issues.
Amplifying existing grievances and tensions between different groups to increase support for partisan viewpoints.
Creating or amplifying alternative explanations assuming events are controlled by a small, usually malicious, secret elite group.
Deflecting criticism by attacking or delegitimising the source, or denying accusations of wrongdoing altogether.
Deliberately inciting reactions from a target audience using various strategies to provoke engagement.